Old Mrs. Leary lit a lantern in the shed

The cow kicked it over, she winked her eye and said

There’ll be a hot time in the old town tonight

FIRE FIRE FIRE

On October 8, 1871, a fire broke out in Chicago that burned for three days and destroyed much of the city. But the most famous thing about the fire is the rumor about how it started. But is it true?

Who started the fire?

The fire started in a dairy barn on DeKoven Street owned by Patrick and Catherine O’Leary. The couple sold milk to others in the city, said Ann Keating, professor of history at North Central College in Naperville, Illinois.

“We know there was a [kerosene] lamp in the barn. We know there were cows in the barn,” Keating said. “I don’t think it’s unreasonable that a cow knocked over a lantern.”

But Keating suspects a neighbor, rather than a cow.

“His name is Peg Leg O’Sullivan,” she said. “Peg Leg did not have one of his legs, so he had a wooden leg. He didn’t move very quickly.”

Peg Leg went around the neighborhood knocking on doors and warning people about the fire. He had been in the barn smoking, but he never admitted to starting the fire.

Devastation in Chicago

The summer of 1871 had been hot and dry, and the weather was windy, making the perfect recipe for a big fire.

“The fire moves very quickly north and east,” destroying everything in its path,” Keating said. “It jumps the river. Little pieces of the fire can jump across the river, and they do that in lots of places along the Chicago River.”

About 3.5 square miles burned down, which was about one-third of the city. One of the reasons was that everything was made of wood, including the sidewalks!

The city of Chicago had plans and resources in place to help prevent and fight fires, including a professional fire department and equipment. They also had a water supply from Lake Michigan that would help fight any fires that started.

“People in Chicago thought, we’re not going to have a fire because we’ve got a great water supply,” Keating said.

But none of that helped when the fire began.

A different city today

Any city today will be very different than it was in 1871, but Chicago is uniquely different because of the fire.

The first thing that happened was, the City Council put out new rules for building new structures to prevent the city being completely made of wood. The result was that it was more expensive to build in the city center, which meant fewer people could afford to live there.

“Before the fire, a lot of people lived downtown. There were a lot of churches downtown. There were a lot of schools downtown,” Keating said. “All of that disappears. People move further out, and the downtown area is almost all businesses.”

We’ll never know who or what started the Great Chicago Fire, but we do know this: Chicago is a different city today because of it.

We know now that the people accused of witchcraft were innocent. Although people in Salem might have practiced folk magic in the 17th Century, they were not making deals with evil spirits to harm children. In fact, one of the most surprising pieces of evidence of magic came from the home of a family that accused more than 100 people.

Who were the Putnams?

Thomas Putnam, Jr. was born in 1651 or 1652 (the calendar was different back then) and married his wife, Ann Carr, in 1675. They had 12 children including Ann Jr., who was one of the first girls in Salem to accuse someone of witchcraft. Thomas served in the military and was employed as the parish clerk.

The Putnam family was wealthy and powerful, but Thomas Jr. did not inherit much of his father’s money, which left him feeling resentful of neighbors who had more. Perhaps that’s why, in 1692, he and his family accused dozens of witchcraft.

“He wrote over 100 depositions of accusations against people,” said Dan Lipcan, the Ann C. Pingree Director of the Peabody Essex Museum’s Phillips Library.

Some of those accusations were against the Porter family, a rival family Thomas Putnam’s stepbrother had married into. The Putnams were responsible for the accusations of at least two of the people who were executed, including Rebecca Nurse, an elderly woman at their church, and George Burroughs, a former village minister and another Putnam family rival.

Ann Putnam, Sr., Thomas’s wife, might have had a different reason. She’d had a difficult life, losing siblings as a young girl and losing two of her own children. This also was a difficult time to live in Salem, and Ann might have been afraid of attacks by the French and indigenous people in the area. We can only speculate about why, but we do know that she encouraged her daughter, Ann Jr., to point the finger at people who might be practicing witchcraft. Ann Jr. accused 18 of the 20 who were eventually executed.

The curious object at the museum

The Peabody Essex Museum in Salem has many artifacts on display from 1692, including a curious piece from the Putnam home. And it raises an interesting question: Was the Putnam family practicing witchcraft themselves?

“One of the objects we have is a tape loom. You used it to weave fabric tapes that you would then use to reinforce curtains or clothing,” Lipcan said. “And this tape loom was owned by the Putnam family.”

According to the museum’s documents, the loom was owned by Rebecca Putnam, whose father John was a relative of Thomas Putnam. On the loom are some folk magic symbols such as daisy wheels, which people sometimes would carve above a fireplace, for example, believing it would help prevent evil spirits from entering their home.

The apology

Thomas and Ann Putnam, Sr., both died in 1699, leaving Ann, Jr. to raise her siblings. In 1706, she made a public apology at her church and asked for foregiveness.

“Ann Putnam gave a speech to the congregation,” Lipcan said. “She basically got up and apologized.”

Ann Putnam, Jr., died in 1716.

1692: Salem, Massachusetts

“Life was pretty difficult in 17th Century Salem,” said Dan Lipcan, the Ann C. Pingree Director of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem. The area was populated by colonists who didn’t have the modern conveniences we enjoy today like electricity or running water. Most of the people were Puritans, a group of people who followed very strict rules about how to live.

“Most kids weren’t encouraged to speak at all unless spoken to,” Lipcan said. “It was very stern, not a lot of fun.”

It had also been a tough few years leading up to 1692. The weather had been bad for growing crops, so food was scarce, and there was also a deadly smallpox outbreak in Massachusetts that had claimed many lives.

“People were looking for something or someone to blame for their misfortunes,” he said.

The first victims

The trouble began in the home of Reverend Samuel Parris. The reverend’s daughter, Betty (age 9) and niece Abigail (age 11) began acting strangely. The girls had screaming fits and complained of being pricked with pins. A doctor came to see the girls and determined that they were the victims of witchcraft. And the witch the girls named was right in their household: a slave named Tituba.

“She was an outsider. She wasn’t from the community. Her origins and appearance weren’t as familiar to the girls, so she was an easy target,” Lipcan said.

A few other girls in the community also claimed to be bewitched and named two other women in Salem, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, who were also social outcasts. Sarah Good was a homeless woman, and Sarah Osborne was an older woman who was involved in property disputes with the powerful family who accused her, the Putnams.

Soon, people all over Salem were claiming that every bad thing that happened was a result of witchcraft…and that their friends and neighbors were responsible.

“Somebody’s horse gets sick and dies. Maybe Mary over here is a witch and caused my horse to die,” Lipcan said.

The trials

Trials for the accused witches began in February 1692, and people from all over town turned out to watch them.

“People could see for themselves that the girls who had been afflicted were affected by the people they were accusing,” Lipcan said. “They would scream and contort themselves and say that they were pricked by pins or pinched, and this was out in the open for everybody to watch.”

In June, Bridget Bishop became the first accused witch to be executed. By the end of September, 19 others had as well. Their names were: George Burroughs, Martha Carrier, Giles Corey, Martha Corey, Mary Eastey, Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, George Jacobs, Sr., Susannah Martin, Rebecca Nurse, Alice Parker, Mary Parker, John Proctor, Ann Pudeator, Wilmot Redd, Margaret Scott, Samuel Wardwell, Sarah Wildes and John Willard. Five others, including Sarah Osborne, died in prison while awaiting trial or sentencing.

In October 1692, the Massachusetts governor dissolved the court, claiming the evidence of witchcraft was not reliable because there was no requirement to provide proof. There were still a few trials after that, but without proof of witchcraft, no one else was found guilty. In the years after, many of the accusers came forward and admitted they’d made it all up.

Salem today

Despite the fact that Salem was the site of false accusations, the town embraces its witchy history today. The Peabody Essex Museum has several items from 1692 on display as well as art and artifacts from the rest of Salem’s rich history. There’s a memorial to the victims of the witch trials near the town cemetery. People also can walk down Essex Street, a pedestrian mall through town, and shop for candles, wands, hats and other magical supplies.

“There are also significant portions of the Salem community who are practicing witches,” Lipcan said. But if that makes you think about people working with evil spirits to hurt children, think again. There are many different traditions people practice today, but they’re typically more about nature and healing than about harming people. In fact, many of these traditions date back even farther than 1692. So were people back then actually practicing some kind of witchcraft? Lipcan had an answer.

He said, “I don’t think there’s any doubt.”

Now, on with the show!

It's spooky season, and we didn't have to look hard to find the perfect story. This week, Erika and Amelia talk with Dan Lipcan from the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts about Salem's most famous event: the witch trials of 1692. 

Check out these books if you want to learn more:

History Smashers! Salem Witch Trials by Kate Messner

It Happened in Salem by Jonah Winter

You Wouldn't Want to Be a Salem Witch! by Jim Pipe

Tituba of Salem Village by Ann Petry

The Tall Man from Boston by Marion L. Starkey

A team of 17 from the Archaeological Legacy Institute and Purdue Research Foundation at Purdue University is preparing for the journey that might finally answer the question: What happened to Amelia Earhart? And the unlikely source of the evidence is Apple Maps.

In 2020, Apple Maps, a navigation app available on iPhones and other Apple devices, captured an image near Nikumaroro Island in the Pacific Ocean with an object underwater that could be shaped like an airplane. Thinking this could be Amelia Earhart’s Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, the group assembled to investigate the area. But Nikumaroro Island is just one place where people think Amelia Earhart might have ended up when she disappeared with navigator Fred Noonan on July 2, 1937.

Who was Amelia Earhart?

Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. Although she was the daughter of a lawyer and granddaughter of a judge, Amelia was not a prim and proper little girl. She loved to play outside and get messy. In fact, she and her sister Muriel often wore pants, which was not at all common for girls at the time. She was also a bit of a daredevil, building a roller coaster in her back yard. So it just made sense when she got a little older that she begged her parents to pay for her to take flying lessons.

In 1928, Amelia became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean…kind of. She wasn’t piloting the plane but was a passenger. She wasn’t happy just being a passenger, though, so in 1932, she became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. That same year, she was the first woman to fly solo across the United States. Along the way, she helped found the Ninety-Nines, an organization of women pilots that is still active today! But in 1937, she attempted her biggest record yet. Amelia wanted to be the first woman to fly solo around the world.

The last journey

Amelia and her navigator, Fred Noonan, had been traveling for about a month when they took off from Lae, New Guinea bound for Howland Island about 2,500 miles away. They stayed in contact by radio with a U.S. Coast Guard ship near the island, but at some point, she lost contact and was never heard from again. The U.S. Navy and Coast Guard conducted a 16-day search over 262,000 square miles of ocean, but Amelia, Fred and their plane were nowhere to be found. Over the years, several theories have emerged about their fate.

The crashed-and-sank theory

“The most common belief..is that Amelia simply didn’t find Howland Island, crashed and sank,” said Sterling Falk, the archivist at the Amelia Earhart Hangar Museum in Atchison, Kansas. One of Amelia’s last radio messages had been that she was low on fuel, so this theory is a pretty likely one, but her plane has never been found.

The “turned around” theory

According to some people Amelia had spoken to before her journey, she planned for a detour if she didn’t think she could land safely on Howland Island.

“She had said, ‘hey, if I need to, I can turn around. There’s gonna be some islands that I’ve already flown over. I can just go back if I don’t feel confident,’” Falk said.

The captured and held captive theories

There are two similar theories that Amelia and Fred were taken prisoner by an enemy. In 1937 when the two disappeared, the world was on the verge of war, and Japan was a major player. Some (including Amelia’s own mother) believed Amelia became a victim of Japanese forces.

“The idea that’s presented there is, World War II is right around the corner. Amelia gets caught flying in some Japanese airspace,” Falk said. “Some believe that she got shot down, crashed and sank then, or she landed on an island and…ended up getting picked up and held on a small island called Saipan, where she would eventually die.”

The new name theory

Falk thinks this theory is the least likely, calling it “the greatest magic trick of all time.” The story here is that Amelia and Fred landed on a secret island, pretended to disappear and then secretly came back to the United States where they assumed new identities and went on living.

“Where would they get the gas? How could they fly straight to the United States? That’s like a 4,000-mile flight which in those days was crazy, at least for her small plane,” Falk said. “She was also a very recognizable person. So surely people would be like, ‘Are you Amelia Earhart?’”

The castaway theory

This is the theory that researchers are currently investigating. Nikumaroro Island (formerly called Gardner Island) is not far from Amelia’s route. It’s uninhabited, but it could be possible that Amelia and Fred crashed nearby and lived on the island for awhile. In fact, bones found on the island in 1940 might very well have belonged to Amelia, but they’ve since been lost, so we’ll never have proof.

We’ll be watching to find out if the investigators learn anything, and we’ll definitely post any updates here and talk about them on an upcoming episode. In the meantime, listen to our conversation with Sterling Falk on YouTube or your favorite podcast app.

Subscribe now

Amelia Earhart once said, “You can do anything you decide to do.” So we did.

I was in second grade when it began for me. I was just coming back from lunch recess when a classmate came running up to me in the hallway.

“Do you remember that space shuttle Mrs. Gilvary was supposed to be on?” she told me. “It blew up!”

The day was January 28, 1986, and the space shuttle was the Challenger.

Our teacher, Mrs. Gilvary, was one of 11,000 applicants to NASA’s Teacher in Space project. I don’t think she’d made it past the first round, but to our class, it was only by a hair that Christa McAuliffe had beaten Mrs. Gilvary for the right to claim the title of first teacher in space. We’d listened excitedly for weeks about the plans for the Challenger mission. It was to be an unforgettable moment where America’s schoolchildren got to witness space exploration firsthand, but just 73 seconds into its mission, it became a moment we would remember for a different reason.

Amelia was also in second grade when she learned of her first disaster, but hers wasn’t happening in real time. Someone told her about the Titanic, and soon she was reading every book and watching every documentary she could about the ill-fated ship. The next year, it was the disappearance of Amelia Earhart that grabbed her interest, and a trip to Earhart’s hometown of Atchison, Kansas cemented my Amelia’s curiosity and absolute need to know what happened.

I’d been making podcasts for years at this point. I have a long list of favorites. So when Amelia became interested in topics like the Titanic and Amelia Earhart, I thought surely there must be a podcast about this stuff. There’s a podcast for everything. Only there wasn’t. Not for kids.

On one hand, I get it. These are tough topics for anyone, and not all kids are ready to hear about the worst things humans can face. But kids are curious, just like I was watching the Challenger news coverage back in 1986, and just like Amelia was on our trip to Atchison. Making a show about disasters that is both intriguing and appropriate for children is a tall order. But here’s the thing about Amelia and me. If we want to do something, we’re just going to go ahead and do it. So we did.

That’s Terrible! is the result. Every other week, we talk about a different disaster or mystery and interview an expert on the topic. And starting today, we’ll be telling those stories here too. Be sure to subscribe to get all our updates, and listen to That’s Terrible wherever you get your podcasts.

Paul recommends this book: Gran Kissed the Blarney Stone by Luann Atkin Koester.

This week, Amelia and Erika are joined by Steve Gurriero, director of education from the Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation in Waltham, Massachusetts.

If you want to try Boston brown bread, we used this recipe.

Read more:

I Survived the Great Molasses Flood by Lauren Tarshis. There's a graphic novel too!

Leah Braves the Flood: A Great Molasses Flood Survival Story by Julie Gilbert

Dark Tide: The Great Boston Molasses Flood of 1919 by Stephen Puleo. This one is more for the adults!

Amelia and Erika (and a surprise third cohost, some girl named Nora) are joined by New York Times bestselling author Alan Gratz, whose stories put fictional kids in the middle of terrible true events. He talks about how he chooses his terrible topics, his favorite themes to write about and why kids love learning about war and disasters.

Be sure to check out Alan's new novella, Flight, available for preorder now.

Some of our favorite Alan Gratz historical fiction:

Two Degrees. A story about climate change and Nora's favorite

Projekt 1065: A Novel of World War II. (This one has spy stuff!)

War Games: A Novel of 1936 Berlin

Heroes. Did you know there were kids at Pearl Harbor? We didn't.

Ground Zero: A Novel of 9/11. Another of Nora's favorites

Some of Alan's favorite books!

Save the People! by Stacy McAnulty

History Smashers series by Kate Messner

The Watch That Ends the Night: Voices from the Titanic by Allan Wolf

Junius Leak and the Spiraling Vortex of Doom by Allan Wolf

The Vanishing of Lake Peigneur: A Graphic Novel Based on a True Story by Allan Wolf

If you want to learn more about the Little League Baseball World Series, visit our favorite bookstore in Williamsport, Pennsylvania for a local perspective!

Questions? Ideas for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

Learn more about earthquakes here!

See photos of Lily Sung and read more of her story here!

Read more about the 1906 San Francisco earthquake:

I Survived the San Francisco Earthquake by Lauren Tarshis

Lily and the Great Quake: A San Francisco Earthquake Survival Story by Veeda Bybee

Questions? Ideas for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

The Radium Girls were factory workers who painted clock dials at the United States Radium Corporation in Orange, New Jersey and the Radium Dial Company in Ottawa, Illinois. They were well paid, and the job was fun. The paint made things glow in the dark, and the girls often used it on themselves as well, painting their dress buttons, their nails and even their teeth. Everyone in town knew who the girls were. But soon, the whole world would hear about them.

What the girls didn't know was that the paint they were using, and the way they were told to use it, was very dangerous. Some got very sick. Their employers refused to help them, so the Radium Girls had to stand up for themselves.

In the last episode, Erika and Amelia talked with Kate Moore, author of The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women, about the dangers of radium and how the factory workers were instructed to handle it. This week, we talk about what happened after the women got sick and how they're remembered today.

If you want to read more about the Radium Girls, we recommend:

The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women by Kate Moore. This is an excellent book but definitely for the adults! Younger readers should check out the edition of Moore's book made just for them called The Radium Girls: The Scary but True Story of the Poison that Made People Glow in the Dark. 

The Story of Marie Curie by Susan B. Katz and Who Was Marie Curie? by Megan Stine tell the story of the woman who discovered radium.

If you want to see a sneak peek of a production of the play that inspired Kate to write her book, you can find one on YouTube from 2024 done by Columbus State University.

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

The Radium Girls were factory workers who painted clock dials at the United States Radium Corporation in Orange, New Jersey and the Radium Dial Company in Ottawa, Illinois. They were well paid, and the job was fun. The paint made things glow in the dark, and the girls often used it on themselves as well, painting their dress buttons, their nails and even their teeth. Everyone in town knew who the girls were. But soon, the whole world would hear about them.

What the girls didn't know was that the paint they were using, and the way they were told to use it, was very dangerous. Some got very sick. Their employers refused to help them, so the Radium Girls had to stand up for themselves.

In this episode, Erika and Amelia talk with Kate Moore, author of The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women. She tells us about the dangers of radium and the women who worked at the factories. In the next episode, we'll hear about how the Radium Girls fought back against the companies responsible for making them sick.

If you want to read more about the Radium Girls, we recommend:

The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women by Kate Moore. This is an excellent book but definitely for the adults! Younger readers should check out the edition of Moore's book made just for them called The Radium Girls: The Scary but True Story of the Poison that Made People Glow in the Dark. 

The Story of Marie Curie by Susan B. Katz and Who Was Marie Curie? by Megan Stine tell the story of the woman who discovered radium.

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

This week, Erika and Amelia talk with Dave Sanderson, the last passenger off the flight. He tells the story about what happened from his perspective and whether it's changed the way he feels about flying.

Read Dave's story and more in this book:

Brace for Impact: Miracle on the Hudson Survivors Share Their Stories of Near Death and Hope for New Life

You can also read about Maverick Foletta, an eight year old who is learning to fly!

Questions? Ideas for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

Stories from the episode:

Marion Eichholz 

Borghild "Bobbie" Aanstad 

Clara Schuster    Read more about the Eastland Disaster:   Scritch Scratch  Capsized! The Forgotten Story of the SS Eastland Disaster Sylvia's Story: The Chicago River Tragedy of the SS Eastland   If you want to replicate Ted Wachholz's "Ultimate Whitey's Experience" (which we officially do NOT recommend...but let us know if you do it), you can visit Whitey's Ice Cream in the Quad Cities.   If you want to play it a little safer, visit Maddy's Ice Cream and More in Gardner, Massachusetts and enjoy a sweet treat this summer!   Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

Eurovision is a contest that brings together the nations of Europe (plus a few others) with one great song from each country, each year. It began as a way to unite Europe in the aftermath of World War II, but many events have affected the contest in big ways, some of those being quite terrible indeed.

There might have been a few terrible songs along the way too, but that's bound to happen over 70 years.

If you'd like to hear some songs from Eurovision, our friends at Eurovangelists helped us make a playlist for this episode. You can find it on Spotify as That's Terrible's NOT Terrible Eurovision Playlist. So give that wolf a banana, and enjoy the music!

If you'd like to tell us what you think of this or any episode, you can send us an email at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com. 

One quick correction though, because nobody's perfect: Harmony Falls was 100 feet tall, not 1,000. 

Books:

Gopher to the Rescue! A volcano recovery story.

I Survived the Eruption of Mount Saint Helens

VOLCANO: The Eruption and Healing of Mount Saint Helens

Check out these educational videos (with dancing!)

Motion of the Mountain - Part 1

Motion of the Mountain - Part 2

Motion of the Mountain - Part 3

Additional educational videos:

Earthquake Shake!

Have a blast at our Mt. St. Helens Visitor Center!

Ashcam Webcam: USGS Volcano Hazards Program

Mount St Helens Visitor Center | Washington State Parks

Mount St. Helens Institute | Mount St. Helens Institute

GeoGirls - Mount St. Helens Science Camp | Mount St. Helens Institute

Resources for adults:

Search | U.S. Geological Survey

Mount St. Helens

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

The most popular theory is that a cow kicked a lantern over (probably because there's actually a song about it) but the real culprit could be as human as you and me.

In this episode, Erika and Amelia talk to Ann Keating, a history professor in Naperville, Illinois about the fire and how it changed Chicago.

If you want to learn more about the fire, check out these books:

The Great Chicago Fire and the Myth of Mrs. O'Leary's Cow by Richard Bales

I Survived the Great Chicago Fire by Lauren Tarshis. There's also a graphic novel version. 

We learned after recording this episode that Aly's Monkey Movement has ended their operations, but there's a new group taking up its cause. The Brookie Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting children with neurodivergence and medical needs. Their core work is to provide resources and items for these children, but through their initiative called Brookie's Bears, they're able to provide stuffed animals that bring comfort to those who need it most. 

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

Erika and Amelia are joined this week by David DeKok, author of Fire Underground: The Ongoing Tragedy of the Centralia Mine Fire. He shares his theory about how the fire started and what it's like to visit Centralia today.

Find more kid-friendly Centralia history here. 

And don't forget to check out the Fish Doorbell and assist the lock keeper of Utrecht in The Netherlands in helping the fish move through the lock.

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.

Joining the show is special guest Sterling Falk from the Amelia Earhart Hangar Museum in Atchison, Kansas, who shares fascinating facts, behind-the-scenes stories, and kid-friendly insights about Earhart’s legacy. 

Packed with curiosity, history, and a dash of mystery, this episode invites young listeners to think like explorers, ask big questions, and imagine what it takes to chase your dreams—even when the journey gets tough.

Special thanks this week to the Amelia Earhart Hangar Museum. Also worth visiting in Atchison: the Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum, where Amelia herself once lived and the Atchison Area Visitor and Information Center, where we learned the town's rich history outside of aviation.

If you want to read more about Amelia Earhart, here are some books we think you'll enjoy:

The Amelia Six by Kristin L. Gray

Amelia and Eleanor Go for a Ride by Pam Muñoz Ryan

Fly Girls: How Five Daring Women Defied All Odds and Made Aviation History (young readers edition) by Heith O'Brien

Who Was Amelia Earhart? by Kate Boehm Jerome

20 Hours, 40 Minutes, Our Flight in the Friendship by Amelia Earhart

Questions? Idea for an upcoming episode? Email us at thepodcastgrotto@gmail.com.